Applicable Products
- QNAP QSW-L3208-2C6T 10GbE Switch
Overview
QNAP QSW managed switches use VLAN and port trunking technologies to increase LAN efficiency and to segment traffic into separate broadcast domains. A virtual LAN (VLAN) groups multiple network devices together and limits the broadcast domain. Members of a VLAN are isolated and network traffic is only sent between group members. You can use VLANs to increase security and flexibility while also decreasing network latency and load.
Scenario
A QSW-L3208-2C6T switch is configured with multiple VLANs (for example, VLAN 32 and VLAN 60). Devices in each VLAN can communicate within their own VLAN, and the switch management IP can be pinged from different networks. However, devices in VLAN 32 cannot reach devices in VLAN 60 through the switch. The goal is to enable inter-VLAN routing between these VLANs.
Explanation
The QSW-L3208-2C6T is a Lite Managed switch that operates as a Layer 2 (L2) device. It does not include built-in Layer 3 (L3) routing capabilities, so it cannot route traffic between VLANs by itself.
- L2 forwarding only: This model supports L2 forwarding but does not support Layer 3 (L3) routing functions. By networking standards, a Layer 2 switch treats different VLANs as isolated broadcast domains. It lacks the internal routing engine required to move packets between VLAN 32 and VLAN 60.
- VLAN isolation: Assigning a port to multiple VLANs only allows the port to pass tagged traffic for those VLANs; it does not enable the switch to route between them.
The QSW-L3208-2C6T does not provide any firmware option to enable Layer 3 routing. Inter-VLAN routing must be handled by an external Layer 3 device or by using a QNAP switch model that supports routing.
Solution
To enable inter-VLAN communication, you must use an external Layer 3 device or a switch model that supports routing.
Option 1: Use an external router or Layer 3 gateway
You can enable inter-VLAN routing by connecting the QSW-L3208-2C6T to a router or another Layer 3 gateway that supports multiple VLAN interfaces and routing between them. The QSW-L3208-2C6T handles VLAN tagging and forwarding at Layer 2, while the external device performs routing.
Option 2: Use a QNAP switch model that supports routing
If your application requires high-performance wire-speed routing at the switch level, we recommend upgrading to the QSW-M3224-24T. This is a 10GbE Layer 3 switch that supports static routing and is designed to handle the inter-VLAN routing described in this scenario.
Further Reading
- QSW-M3224-24T – Detailed specifications and features of the recommended L3 switch.
适用产品
- QNAP QSW-L3208-2C6T 10GbE Switch
概述
QNAP QSW 管理型交换机使用 VLAN 和端口中继技术来提高局域网效率，并将流量分割到不同的广播域。虚拟局域网 (VLAN) 将多个网络设备分组在一起并限制广播域。VLAN 的成员是隔离的，网络流量仅在组成员之间传输。您可以使用 VLAN 来提高安全性和灵活性，同时减少网络延迟和负载。
场景
QSW-L3208-2C6T 交换机配置了多个 VLAN（例如，VLAN 32 和 VLAN 60）。每个 VLAN 内的设备可以在其自身的 VLAN 内通信，并且可以从不同的网络 ping 到交换机管理 IP。然而，VLAN 32 中的设备无法通过交换机访问 VLAN 60 中的设备。目标是实现这些 VLAN 之间的互 VLAN 路由。
解释
QSW-L3208-2C6T 是一款 Lite Managed 交换机，作为二层 (L2) 设备运行。它不包含内置的三层 (L3) 路由功能，因此无法自行在 VLAN 之间路由流量。
- 仅支持 L2 转发： 该型号支持 L2 转发，但不支持三层 (L3) 路由功能。根据网络标准，二层交换机将不同的 VLAN 视为隔离的广播域。它缺乏在 VLAN 32 和 VLAN 60 之间移动数据包所需的内部路由引擎。
- VLAN 隔离： 将一个端口分配给多个 VLAN 仅允许该端口传递这些 VLAN 的标记流量；这并不使交换机能够在它们之间进行路由。
QSW-L3208-2C6T 不提供任何固件选项来启用第三层路由。VLAN 间路由必须由外部第三层设备处理，或者使用支持路由的 QNAP 交换机型号。
解决方案
要启用 VLAN 间通信，您必须使用外部第三层设备或支持路由的交换机型号。
选项 1：使用外部路由器或第三层网关
您可以通过将 QSW-L3208-2C6T 连接到支持多个 VLAN 接口和它们之间路由的路由器或其他第三层网关来启用 VLAN 间路由。QSW-L3208-2C6T 在第二层处理 VLAN 标记和转发，而外部设备执行路由。
选项 2：使用支持路由的 QNAP 交换机型号
如果您的应用需要在交换机级别实现高性能线速路由，我们建议升级到QSW-M3224-24T。这是一款支持静态路由的 10GbE 第三层交换机，专为处理本场景中描述的 VLAN 间路由而设计。
进一步阅读
